zhongguojiajuzhizaoyebenshenshifeichangwanshanfadade，neimerenrenchengsongde“lebuqi”deyijiaweishenmemeiyouzhongguoban？zheishiyigebeihenduorenwenlehenjiudeyigewenti。

jinnianyilaizaidajiajuzhizaoyelingyuyijingchuxianduojiashangshigongsi。dandabufenshangshideqiyedouhaishuyuzhizaoyefanchou，zhenzhengshuyuxiaofeipinpaifanchoudehaihenshao。

zheiyangdeyiwentongyanghuichuxianzaichongwuzheixiexiaofeizhizaoxingyezhizhong，zheixielingyuzaizhizaoyezhongduanyijingchuxianlefeichanghaodeshengchanxinggongsi。

danzaizhongduanyetaizhong，meiyouchuxianzhimianxiaofeizhedexiaofeijipinpaigongsi，erzaimeiguo，yijingyongyouduojiachongwuxianxialiansuolingshoudezhongduanpinpaigongsi。

benwenlaiziweixingongzhonghao：xinxiaofeineican），zuozhe：longmaojun，toutulaizi：shijuezhongguo

yi、weishenmeshiyijia？

guanyuyijiachenggongdemijue，zhiyaoqubaidu，niyidingnengsousuochudaliangchenggongdemimi，bijingdechuyigechenggongmimishifeichangrongyideshiqing。

biru，zaiworenshidehenduopengyouzhong，douhuigaosuwoyijiadetiyanhenhao，jinrudaozheiyangdexiaofeihuanjingzhongshishifenyouhaode，youhenduoshihou，ruguonikunleleile，doukeyizaiyijialixiuxiheshuijue。

zheixieguanyuyijiatiyanhaodeduanzikeyishuocengchubuqiong，yiweizhihuzaihuidazheigewentishihoushuo：“youciwozaiyijiamaiyusan，biaojia12.9yuan。pangbianyouxingxiaozi，xiayutian9.9yuan。”

lingwaiyiweizhihuwangyouzhangshinianshuo，youyiciwoquguangyijia，buxiaoxindasuileyigemakebei，dangshigangadebiandaoqianbiannachuqianbaozhunbeipeiqian，yijiademaichangjingliwenshengerlai：“xiaoguniangmeishiba”，“buyongpeibuyongpei”“nimenjiezheguangba”。

congzheixiejinglizhongmiaosushishizhucekeyidechuyigejielun，neijiushiyijiashiyigefuwutiyanfeichanghaodepinpai，zheixietiyandechuanshuogenhaidilaoneixieliuchuandeduanzijihuruchuyizhe，zongzhi，jiushiyijuhua，yijiadefuwuhenyouhao。

zheilimianjiuyinchuleyigeshencengcidewenti，weishenmeyijiakeyizuochuzheiyangdefuwu？qitaqiyebunengzuodaozheiyangdefuwutaiduni？ruguowoyeyiyangtigongyouzhidefuwu，shibushijiunenggoushengchuni？

shishideqingkuangshi，suiranzaiyijiayouzheimeduoyouhaodexingwei，biruyouhenduorenzhendehuizaiyijiatiyan，danshiyijiazaiwuliupeisongdenghenduofuwuxingshishangbingmeiyouxiangxiangzhongneimejinshanjinmei，zuoweiyigebanyunheyunshubingbufangbiandejiajuchanpin，xiangbiyuhenduozhongguojingzhengzhejingchangtichudesonghuoshangmendefuwu。

yijiadehenduochanpinfanerquanshizizhushide，zhoumoyoushihouzhangzhangdepaidui，haixuyaozijiquanzizhushifuwu，yijijihuzhaobudaoyigebangzhufuwuduixiangdeyijiaeryan，nihennanshuoyijiashifuwuyijingzhendejiuhenwanmeile。

suoyi，zaifuwuyixiangshang，nihennanshuobentuqiyedanshengbuleyijiazheiyangdepinpaishiyinweizheigeyuanyin。

jiexialai，youyourenhuigenwoshuoyijiadezhenggechangjingshixiaofeidailaidejijiatiyanshishejishizhongguohenduojiajumaichangsuotigongbulede。

queshi，guangguozhongguobentuhenduojiajumaichangdelongmaojunfaxian，yijiakeyishuoshizuizaojiangxianzaizuixinchaodexinlingshougainianshijiandaodideqiye。

yijiadecantingdemeishijushuoshixiyinhenduorenquguangyijiadeyigemimishaqi。ruguoshuozaihenduorenshiyelixinlingshoujiushicanyin+mougekongjianyetai，yijiashizuizaoyongcantinglaizuoyingshoudegongsi，yijiadecanyinjushuodanduchaifenchulaiyeshinengzaizhongguocanyinquanpaimingqianliedeliansuocanyin。

zheiyangdetongguocanyinzaixiyinyonghuzhanhezaishengtaitixilazhangyonghushengmingzhouqideshoufa，keyishuoshiyizhaogaomingdejingyingshouduan，yifangmianyonghubenshenzaizheimedakongjiantineiguangleile，jiushitianranxuyaoxiaofeicanyinzheiyangdegangxingchanpinde。

lingwaiyifangmianbacanyinkaizaijiajumaichangnei，yekeyijixulazhangyonghuzaizheigepinpaineidetiyan，keyishuoyijiashizuizaozhenzhengyiyishangjieattlyzheiyangdepinpaiyiqifadejiajupinpai。

diankaiguoneimouzhimingcantingdianpingwang，bunanfaxianguanyuyijiacantingdehaopingruchao。“haochibugui”、“huanjingzhenhao”、“kafeimianfei”、“ruidianrouyuanchaojihaochi”、“1yuanbingjilingbineiliangjiahaochitaiduole”……gezhongchuanwensanbujianghu。

shenzhiyouren“zhuanchenglaiyijiachifan、paiduimaibingjiling，shunbianguangguang”。zhongguodediyijiayijiacanting（shanghaixuhuidian），meizhouerhezhousiyouyigezhonglaonianrenzifazuzhidexiangqinjiao，tingshuosiyuanqiaodianyiyouwaijiaojiangketangkaishedaolezheili。

zongzhiyijiajirendeyinxiangjiushiganjuezuoshenmedouhaibucuo，chulezijidejiajugandehenbang，zijidecanyinyezuodehenjizhi。

suoyiwentitongyanglaile，jiushizheiyangdecanyinzhongguodejiajupinpaimenbunengkaiyijiame？nandaotamenkaibuleme，zheishihexinjingzhenglima？woxiangxindajiatongyangbuhuiyiweizheishiqihexindejingzhengli。

zheigeshihou，reaizongjiederenmenyouhuikaishizhaodaoxindeluoji，henduorenrenweizheijinianbeioujiajupinpaishengxing，suoyiyourenrenweiruidianbenshenshiyigejiajuchanyezhizaodaguo，suoyijuyouxianfayoushi，youqishijileideshejimeigan，shiqitajingzhengleixingdeqiyesuobujubeide。

cong1940danshengzhijin，queshizaizheimemanzhangdeshijianli，shenmeideleijihejinbukenenghuichengweijiajushenmeileijideyigexianfayoushi。

danshi，miaosushishizhucebudebuwendeshi，nandaomiaosushishizhucebentudepinpaijiubunengqingzuihaodeshejishilaishejimiaosushishizhucedechanpinma？

daandangranshikeyide，guoneicengjingqueshiyouyexindejiajupinpai，hualehendadaijiaqinglaiguowaishejishilaibangzhushejishuyumiaosushishizhuceziyoufenggedejiajupinpai，danshijiejuzuihouyiranzheimeduonianhaishimeinenggouchengzhangchuzugoujuyoushenmeizhexuedejiajupinpai。

zhici，miaosushishizhucekeyibayishangguandianzongheyixia。qishishangmiandemeiyixiangdandukanqilaidoushihenjiandande，danshizhenzhengchengweiyigexitonghaishihenkunnande，zaimeiguo《caifu》zazhizhuanwenfenxileqizhongdeyixiemimi：

1. diaoyanshiwangdao

yanjiushiyijiakuozhangjihuadexinzang。yanjiuzhongxinfuzerenmikael ydholmbiaoshi，“dangmiaosushishizhucezoudeyueyuan，miaosushishizhucejiuyuexuyaoqulijie、xuexiheshiyingdangdidewenhua。”duitalaishuo，zhongyaodebushiyanjiubutongwenhuadechabie，ershibutongwenhuadejiaocha。

yijiazaiquanshijie8gechengshikaizhanleyixiangdiaoyan，kaochale8292mingjumindezaochenxiguan。congqichuangdaochumenpingjunyongshizuiduandeshishanghai（56fenzhong），erzuizhangdeshimengmai（2xiaoshi24fenzhong）。mengmairenyeshi“huilongjuezhiwang”，chaoguo58%deshoufangzhezhishaohuiandiaonaozhongyici。16%deniuyuejisidegeermodejuminhuizaiguanxishigongzuo，paimingbangshou。wulunshinagechengshi，nvxingzongshibinanxingzaizaochenxuanyifudeshihouduohuashijian，zheizhongxuanzeduitamenlaishuoshigechongmanyalideguocheng。

kaolvdaozheiyiqingkuang，yijiatuichuleyikuanlishihuanyijing，beihouyouyigezhijia，keyixuanguafuzhuangheshoushi。zheikuanmingjiaoknapperdehuanyijing，shixiaofeizhekeyizaishuijueqiandapeihaofuzhuanghepeishi，yijianqingdiertianyizaoqichuangxuanyifudetongku。

lingyigeyanjiujieguobiaoming，suizheyuelaiyueduoderenkoujujuzaichengshizhong，renjunjuzhumianjisuizhixiajiang，yijiaxiangyingdituichuleduogongnengdejiaju，manzubutongxiaofeizhedexuqiu。yijiajijiangtuichufudaiweiyidongshebeiwuxianchongdiangongnengdejiaju。

2. jinliang“yizhaoxianchitianxia”

buguo，jishishichaoguo8000rendediaocha，yeweibizongshihuijinizhengquedaan，qizhongyigeyuanyinshishoufangzhehuishuohuang。ydholmjieshishuo：“youshihoumiaosushishizhucebingbunengzhengquediyishidaozijidexingwei。huozhemiaosushishizhucehuiyouyiwuyidishuoxierangmiaosushishizhucekanshangqugengtimiandehua。zheihuifashengzaimeigerenshenshang，zheihenzhengchang。”

yijiadejiejuefangfa，shirangyanjiurenyuantongguozijideyanjingguancha，dedaoyishouziliao。biru，yijiatongchangcaiyongshangmenyanjiudefangshi，shenzhirangrenleixuejiayiqizhujinyangbanfang。zuijin，zaisidegeermo、milan、niuyueheshenzhendeyixieshoufangjiatingli，yijiajingyunxuanzhuangleshexiangtou，yifenxirenmendeshafashiyongxiguan。“chulezuozhekandianshi，dajiahuizaishafashangganhenduoshiqing。”ydholmshuo。shenzhendeyanjiuzhefaxian，renmenyoushihuizuozaidishang，bashafatuidangkaodianyong。“wokeyikendingdishuo，muqianhaimeiyourenshejichukeyizheimeyongdeshafa。”

shoujigezhongwenhuazhishidemude，bingbushiweileduichanpinjinxingweidiao，yishiyingbutongdeshichangxuqiu，ershiweileyong“yizhaoxianchitianxia”。yijiadechenggongzhichu，bianzaiyuzhanshiletongyangdechanpinruhenengzaiquanshijiebutongwenhuazhongdouxingdetong、chidekai。jizhuyijiamoshi——daliang、daliang、zaidaliang。

3. weidiaoyishiyingbutongdewenhua

suishuoyao“yizhaoxianchitianxia”，danbingbubiaoshiyijiajujuegenjujutishichangqingkuangzuozhenduixingdiaozheng，shishiqiaqiaxiangfan。

kankanneixieyijiashangchanglideyangbanjian。zheixieouerhuiyougukedadundexiaofangjian，xiangmiaosushishizhucezhanshileruhebayijiadechanpinwanmeidiyingyongyubutongdeshenghuo：zairibenxiantaihehelanamusitedandeshangchangli，jinguanchenliezheyiyangdechuangheju，danribendeyangbanjianhuishiyongtatamidiban，erhelandeyangbanjianhuiyouxiewuding，fanyingchuliangdibutongdejianzhufengge。

yijiademulushouceyeqidaoleleisidezuoyong。32zhongyuyan、67gebanbendemulushouce，fanyinglebutongdiqudexiaofeixiguan。zaibilishi，yijiamulushouceyoulianggebanben，yizhongshifayu，yizhongshifulamangyu。wennibohekaerjialidejianadaxiaofeizheshouzhongdemulushouce，youyulaizimengtelierdejianadarenkandebuyiyang。

yijiayinshuale2.17yibenniandushouce，haochengshiquanshijiefaxingliangzuidadeguanggaochubanwu。zheixieshouceshizairuidianamuhuotedeyijiagongzuoshizhongwanchengde，meicidouyouyiweiyijiayuangongfuze，yiquebaosuoyouhuanjiewanwuyishi：zhongguoneidishengchandebolizhipinbunengchuxianzaizhongguotaiwandiqudemulushouceshang，erbosiditanyaozaiyiseliebanbenzhongbeiqudiao。

4. dijia

yijiashitudaijixiaofeizheyizhongganshou——keyizaizheilimaidaobukesiyidebianyihuo，anzhaoyijiadeshuofajiaozuo“zhixihuo”（breath-taking items）。zheishiyijiadeshangyemoshideyibufen，weizhenggeshangchangzhizaochuyicengwumeijialiandeguanghuan。

danshi，zailundunxibeidewenbulimendianlingrenzhixidedijiashangpin，zaizhongguokenengzhihuihuanlaiyiju“haihao”。yaozhidao，zaizhongguoshichang，youxieshangpinjiagezhidilingrenzashe——yijiacuipibingjilingjinshourenminbi1yuan。weilebaozhengdijia，80%zhongguoshichangxiaoshoudeyijiachanpindoushidangdishengchande，yijianshaoyunshufeiyong。

zhizheyuchengbenkongzhi，yijiazongshinengbashangpinjiageyadi。youshi，tabuhuijizhuozidibushangqi，yinweifanzhengmeirenhuizaiyi。zairenliziyuanfangmian，yijiayeshichulemingdekoumen，neixieguoquyouxiaoshoushanggandehuo，xianzaideyouxiaofeizhezijidongshou。

1956nian，shoudaoyigebalövetzhuozituixiexialaisaijinsijiachehoubeixiangdeshejishiqifa，yijiatuichulepingbanbaozhuangdejiaju。pingbanbaozhuangdejiajufangbianlexiaofeizhexiedaiheyunshu，yejianshaolecangchuhewuliuchengben。“duimiaosushishizhucegaowuliudelaishuo，zheibichunmenghaimeimiao。”yijiabaozhuangbumenfujingliallan dicknershuo。

5. sheji

youxieshihouyijiadepingbanbaozhuang，jixiaofeizhedailailetaidadefudan。weilequebaoxiaofeizhebuzhiyuweilezuzhuangyigebianyiwanyierhuachaoguo3gezhongtou，youshihouyixiexinyuangonghuibeiyaoqiucanjiazuzhuangceshi，erzuzhuangshuomingxiaozumeinianyaozhizuodayue1400fenshuomingshu，yibiananzhuangguochengzhongdebushizhixu。

zaiyijianeibu，xuyaochaozhangshijianzuzhuangdechanpinyougewaihao，jiao“laogongshashou”。danzuijinyijiadechanpinyijingbuzaineime“shashou”le，zheihendachengdushangdeyiyuchanpinshejidegaijin。

heyingxiaojiwuliuyiyang，shejiyeshiyijiadegongzuohexin。

yijiadeshejijingliengmanyijitadetongshimeinianyaojingshouyue2000jianxinchanpin，qizhongbaokuoduiyiyouchanpindezaigaijin。marianneheknut hagberg，yiduiweiyijiagongzuole36niandexiongmeishejishi，cengjing3cigaijinletamenzuichenggongdeyikuanchanpin——sancengwanggewenjianpan。

“meigerendouhuizheiyang。”marianneshuo。meicigaijindeshibutongxingzhuangdezhijia：yigematixing、yigesanjiaoxingheyigejuxing。knutkaiwanxiaoshuotamenhuiyongjinsuoyoudexingzhuang。

xindexianjinjishuyehuibeiyijiayongzaishejiguochengzhong。biru，tongguo3ddayinjikuaisuyulankaifazhongchanpindeyangben。zheiyangyilai，yijiakeyizaizijidemendianheshiyanshilichangshigezhongxiangfa，erbubidanxinhuixiemi。

eryijiadeshejishi，wangwangdoushichengbenkongzhidashi。tamenweituogouwucheshengchanshangqudaguimozhizaozhuozi，rangshuitongchangzhizaoyizi，ruguomucaijiagejiaodishi，tamenhuigengduodishiyongmucai。zaiyijiadeshejizhongxin，zhanshizheyigeyouliangkuaipingbanpinchengdezhuozi，zhongkongjiegoujieyuelecailiao，buyongluosilianjiedesunmaogouzao，jianhualeanzhuangguocheng。zheigesheji，lingshengchanchengbenjiangdile1/3。

keyishuomeiguo《caifu》zazhidezhuanwenhaishiguanchadefeichangzixierxitongdezongjieleyijiaweishenmexingzheigewenti，dangranguanyuyijiaweishenmexingzheigewenti，haikeyijixuxieshangyibenshulaijinxingtaolunle。

er、zhongguoweishenmemeiyouyijia？

qianmianhualedaliangdepianfutaolunleyijiaweishenmexingdewenti，xianzaitaolunxiazhongguodeweishenmemeiyouyijia。

shishishangzhongguoqiyedezhizaoshengchannenglishiwuyongzhiyide，danshixiangqiantanyibuzouxiangpinpaiduanqueshiyigezhangjiuzhitong，jihusuoyourendoucengjingtaolunguoweixiaoquxiandewenti，zuoweizhizaoyehenxianranshichuyuweixiaoquxianxiaduande。

woxiangjinyibudekuozhantongleixingwenti，weishenmezhongguoshishijiejianshenqicaizhizaoyedaguo，danzhongguoqueyemeiyoudanshengdingjidejianshenqicaipinpai？

weishenmezhongguoshichongwuyongpinwaimaochukoudaguo，danweishenmezhongguodechongwushipinshichangqueyiranbeiyangpinpaisuozhanju。

xiangxinhenduorendouhuiwenguozheigewenti，erzheigewentiyirankeyipaoxiangjiajuzhizaoye。

shishishangguanyuzheigewenti，yezaifuzhuangchanyelianlichuxianguo，longmaojundeyigezuorouxingfuzhuanggongyingliandepengyouxiangyaozhongxincongxiaofeizhexuqiuchufaxunzhaoyijiakeyimanzufuzhuangxiaopiliangzhizaodegongchang，danzheigexuqiuzifuzhuangchanyewaimaoweijibaofazhiqianshijihuwujiede，yinweimeiyourenhuiquzhizaozheiyangdexiaopiliangdingdan，erzheiliangnianzheigekouzizhongyubeichuantouleyigekouzi，jiushixianzhidejiqiyezhongyuyuanyikaishijiexiaopiliangdanzile。

suoyi，zongjiedediyigeyuanyinjiushineizaiqianzhizuopinpaidonglibuzu，guanxingliliangxiangqiantantaikunnanle。duiyuhenduozhizaoyegongchangeryan，meinianzhizaichanyelianhuanjiezhongwendinghenshuliantongguowaibaochengjieyilianggekehujiukeyirangzijidehuodehenhao，erruguozijiquzuopinpaidemaoxiantaidale，chufeiweijidedaobi。

zheiyerangzhizaoyeqiyemendonglijizhishizaibugao，tongshizhangjiuyilaidechengchanduandezirunyijingrangtamenyiwanglepinpaizheijianshiheyouhuazijizonghezhizaonenglidedasuan。

ruguobushiyinweizhenggeouzhoujingjidebujingqi，gujihenduowaimaoqiyeyiranbuhuiyouchangshixiangguoneixiaofeipinzuopinpaidexiangfahedasuan，suoyi，wenniyigewenti，ruguonishixuanzezaiguanxingxiazuoyigesuiranzaichanyelianxiayouwendingshourufengxiandidehuanjie。

haishimaoranjinrushangyouerxuyaotourudaliangdefengxianhaibuyidingyouqingxihuibaodechanyeni。woxiangxinhenduorenxuanzeqianzhe，bijingsuoyoushibuyuanyizaiyijianshimeiyouquedingzhiqianqumaoranlixiande。

chulezhizaoyeqiyezishendezhuanxingguanxingzhiwai，guogaoheguonandegongyinglianzhenghenenglihexuexichengbenyeshizhizaoyeqiyebuyuanyifuchudechengbenjingli。

yijiazuoweiwuliucangchuyitidepinpaigongsi，zaiduikucunderongrenduhegongyinglianquanqiucaigounenglishangdexuexijingyanquxianlingxiandushiyibanzhizaoyeqiyenanyiqijide。

qunian12yuefen，woqujianleyiweicongshijiajushenghuofangshipinpaidechuangshiren，youyuzhenggejiajushenghuofangshichanpinskuzhongduo，zaizheiweichuangshirenqierudaojiajuchanyedeqianwunianjihujiumeiyoushijiandaizaizhongguo，yinweiyaohuadaliangshijianquzhaohouduangongyinglian。

zheiweichuangshirenjuli，miaosushishizhucekandaodeyigebeizikanqilaijiegoujiandan，danguangbeizibenshendeyigeleimujiushiyitiaoshangxiayouchanyelian，dangnixiangyaoqierudaozheitiaochanyeliandeshihou，niguangxuexiwanbeizizheiyangyigechanpindechanyelianjiuhuadiaoledaliangdeshijianchengben。

erdangnidechanpinskuduodajiqiandeshihou，qishibeihoudemeiyigeskujiuyiweizheyitiaogongyinglian，erzheigegongyinglianzhaodaolebingbushijieshu，yinweinihaixuyaohuafeidaliangshijianqubiduigongyingliandeyouliehejiageshangchayi，yijinixuyaodingyiqingchuzheigexingyeshenmeshihaochanpin。

kenengzheiyangdeyigeguochengzuowansuofuchudeshijianjiuzaihaojinianshangmianle，youzheiyangdekugongfu，qishihaiburulaolaoshishizhuandianwaimaodedanzideqian，nishuoduibudui，zuihouzheiweijiajulingyuchuangyezheshuodao，ertahetadehehuorenyijingweilechuangjianyigexinpinpaizaizheigelingyugengyunle12nian。

ertouzirenxianranduizheigexingyegengyoufayanquan，yiweitouzijiajupinpaishibaidetouzirengaosuwozhishaotamenjigouzuijinjinianshibuhuitouzijiajupinpaile，touzirenrenweizheigexingyetaiduokanbujiandekeng，nandutaidale，zhuyaojiushigaodingfuzadegongyinglianshangjiushiyigemanzhangdeshijian。

gengbuyongshuochuantongjiajupinpaibushizhiyingershiduijingxiaoshangtixishidezheigezheigexingyehenrongyidunjihendadekucun，erzheixiekucunhenrongyichidiaozheixielirun。“suoyicongzheigejiaodujiangyijiaqueshishihenlebuqi”。

qishichulezheixieyuanyinzhiwai，zheibeihoukendinghaiyouhenduoqitamiaosushishizhuceweizhi、zhidequshendutantaodeyuanyin。